01
MDT is persistently wetter than CXY in both eras. Annual ratio 1.066 early, 1.084 modern. CIs overlap 11/12 months — the bias direction is fully validated across the 36-year instrumentation gap.
02
July is the sole divergent month — early era 0.873 (MDT drier) vs modern 1.110. Likely related to convective storm track differences and ASOS vs observer precipitation capture during summer convection.
03
No systematic trend in the annual ratio (MK p=0.143 combined). The MDT wet bias is a stationary physical feature — it has not grown or shrunk over the period of record.
04
Physical drivers: Susquehanna moisture enhancement (3-4%), valley terrain convergence (2-3%), frozen precip gauge differences (2-3%), gauge wind exposure (~1-2%). Multiple mechanisms reinforce the bias.